Comparing the Old and New Testaments

Old Covenant

Exodus 19:5 (Law).

  • Based on works.
  • Could be broken.
  • Did not give life.
  • Written on stone.
  • External.
  • Legal (Do This…I Will Do).
  • Fear-overriding emotion.
  • No power.

New Covenant

Jeremiah 31; Hebrews 8; Romans 9; Luke 22.

  • Not dependent on written law.
  • Intimate knowledge, fellowship, forgiveness, peace.
  • Gives eternal life.
  • Written on hearts.
  • Internal.
  • Unilateral.
  • Love-overriding emotion.
  • Holy Spirit.

The goal of both covenants is: “I will be their God and they will be my people.”

The Church’s participation in the new Covenant is based on Romans 9:30, Romans 11, and Hebrews 8-10. Though Israel rejected God (Matthew 22, Luke 14:15), in the end Israel will ratify its covenant with Him.

This material comes from Discovering Intimacy with God.

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